Права в1 что это: Что это за категория водительских прав В1 в 2020 году

Категория «B1» в правах — что значит и на чем можно ездить?

На каких транспортных средствах можно ездить с открытой категорией «B1» в водительском удостоверении?

1. Виды техники для категории B1
2. Какой документ нужен?

Подкатегории были введены сравнительно недавно – в 2014 году. С этого момента в российских водительских удостоверениях появились дополнительные графы. Одна из них – строка с символами «B1». Что это за подкатегория, и на чем может ездить водитель, у которого она открыта?

Виды техники для категории B1

Необходимость в расширении классификации транспортных средств назревала давно. В середине XX века на дорогах не наблюдалось такого многообразия техники, которое есть сейчас. В последние же десятилетия изобретательность инженеров не знает границ.

Согласно статье 25 Федерального Закона «О безопасности дорожного движения», к подкатегории «B1» относятся трициклы и квадрициклы. Оба этих вида транспорта не часто можно встретить на дорогах.

Источник изображения: photosight.ru

Трициклы – трехколесные мотоциклы (трайки), а также автомобили. Техника обязательно должна быть оборудована механическим двигателем. Велосипеды с тремя колесами типа лигерад (с лежачей посадкой) к данному типу транспорта не относятся.

Первым в истории трициклом считается паровая телега, сконструированная французским изобретателем Никола Жозефом Кюньо. Повозка была снабжена котлом и зубчатым механизмом, вращающим переднее колесо. Предназначалась она для использования в военных целях. Транспортное средство оказалось очень неудобным в управлении, и вскоре после старта испытаний врезалось в стену. Однако начало автомобилестроению уже было положено.

Большинство современных трициклов имеет объем двигателя более 50 кубических сантиметров. Транспортные средства с меньшим значением параметра требуют открытой категории «M», и управлять ими можно с 16-ти лет, а не с 18-ти.

Квадрициклы – мототранспортные средства на четырех колесах. Так же как трициклы, они могут быть облегченными и тяжелыми. Необходимая категория прав и в этом случае будет зависеть от рабочего объема двигателя. Снаряженная масса грузовых квадрициклов может достигать 550 кг, а мощность двигателя – 20-ти лошадиных сил. Такой транспорт обеспечивается как ПТС, так и паспортами самоходных машин (ПСМ). Он может иметь кузов, что делает квадрициклы похожими на малолитражные машины. Если объем двигателя техники превышает 50 кубических сантиметров, ездить на ней разрешается только после наступления совершеннолетия.

Какой документ нужен?

Для возникновения права управления трициклами и квадрициклами в удостоверении не обязательно должна быть указана подкатегория «B1». Ездить на них разрешается и с открытой категорией «A» (мотоциклы), если техника имеет мотоциклетный тип посадки (специфический руль или клипоны, а также рычаги вместо педалей). На оборотной стороне документа может не быть соответствующей отметки, если он изготовлен по старому образцу, однако это не имеет значения.

Источник изображения: upload.wikimedia.org

Вождение трициклов и квадрициклов разрешается и обладателям открытой категории «B» (легковой транспорт со снаряженной массой до 3,5 тонн). Для этого техника должна иметь автомобильную посадку (колесообразный руль и педали). Получается, что для тех, кто отучился на нее, подкатегория «B1» начинает действовать автоматически.

Тип посадки, разрешенный для водителя, указывается в графе 12 водительского удостоверения напротив символов «B1». Латинские буквы «AS» (automotive steering) означают, что посадка должна быть автомобильной, символы «MS» (motorcycle steering) – мотоциклетной. При этом в первом случае основной категорией будет «B», а во втором – «A».

Отучиться в автошколе только на подкатегорию «B1» не получится. Она является сопутствующей и неотделима от основных. Поэтому практиковаться и сдавать экзамены в МРЭО ГИБДД все равно придется либо на легковом автомобиле, либо на полноценном мотоцикле.

90000 Human Rights | United Nations 90001 90002 What Are Human Rights? 90003 90004 Human rights are rights inherent to all human beings, regardless of race, sex, nationality, ethnicity, language, religion, or any other status. Human rights include the right to life and liberty, freedom from slavery and torture, freedom of opinion and expression, the right to work and education, and many more. Everyone is entitled to these rights, without discrimination. 90005 90002 International Human Rights Law 90003 90004 International human rights law lays down the obligations of Governments to act in certain ways or to refrain from certain acts, in order to promote and protect human rights and fundamental freedoms of individuals or groups.90005 90004 One of the great achievements of the United Nations is the creation of a comprehensive body of human rights law-a universal and internationally protected code to which all nations can subscribe and all people aspire. The United Nations has defined a broad range of internationally accepted rights, including civil, cultural, economic, political and social rights. It has also established mechanisms to promote and protect these rights and to assist states in carrying out their responsibilities.90005 90004 The foundations of this body of law are the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted by the General Assembly in тисяча дев’ятсот сорок п’ять and 1948 respectively. Since then, the United Nations has gradually expanded human rights law to encompass specific standards for women, children, persons with disabilities, minorities and other vulnerable groups, who now possess rights that protect them from discrimination that had long been common in many societies. 90005 90014 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 90015 90004 90017 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights.Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December тисячі дев’ятсот сорок вісім by General Assembly resolution 217 A (III) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations. It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected. Since its adoption in 1948 the UDHR has been translated into more than 500 languages ​​- the most translated document in the world — and has inspired the constitutions of many newly independent States and many new democracies.The UDHR, together with the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its two Optional Protocols (on the complaints procedure and on the death penalty) and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and its Optional Protocol, form the so-called International Bill of Human Rights. 90005 90014 Economic, social and cultural rights 90015 90004 The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights entered into force in 1976. The human rights that the Covenant seeks to promote and protect include: 90005 90023 90024 the right to work in just and favourable conditions; 90025 90024 the right to social protection, to an adequate standard of living and to the highest attainable standards of physical and mental well-being; 90025 90024 the right to education and the enjoyment of benefits of cultural freedom and scientific progress.90025 90030 90014 Civil and political rights 90015 90004 The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and its First Optional Protocol entered into force in 1976. The Second Optional Protocol was adopted in 1989. 90005 90004 The Covenant deals with such rights as freedom of movement; equality before the law; the right to a fair trial and presumption of innocence; freedom of thought, conscience and religion; freedom of opinion and expression; peaceful assembly; freedom of association; participation in public affairs and elections; and protection of minority rights.It prohibits arbitrary deprivation of life; torture, cruel or degrading treatment or punishment; slavery and forced labour; arbitrary arrest or detention; arbitrary interference with privacy; war propaganda; discrimination; and advocacy of racial or religious hatred. 90005 90002 Human Rights Conventions 90003 90004 A series of international human rights treaties and other instruments adopted since 1945 have expanded the body of international human rights law. They include the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948), the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (1965), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006), among others.90005 90014 Human Rights Council 90015 90004 The Human Rights Council, established on 15 March 2006 by the General Assembly and reporting directly to it, replaced the 60-year-old UN Commission on Human Rights as the key UN intergovernmental body responsible for human rights. The Council is made up of 47 State representatives and is tasked with strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the globe by addressing situations of human rights violations and making recommendations on them, including responding to human rights emergencies.90005 90004 The most innovative feature of the Human Rights Council is the Universal Periodic Review. This unique mechanism involves a review of the human rights records of all 192 UN member states once every four years. The Review is a cooperative, state-driven process, under the auspices of the Council, which provides the opportunity for each state to present measures taken and challenges to be met to improve the human rights situation in their country and to meet their international obligations.The Review is designed to ensure universality and equality of treatment for every country. 90005 90014 UN High Commissioner for Human Rights 90015 90004 The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights exercises principal responsibility for UN human rights activities. The High Commissioner is mandated to respond to serious violations of human rights and to undertake preventive action. 90005 90004 The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) is the focal point for United Nations human rights activities.It serves as the secretariat for the Human Rights Council, the treaty bodies (expert committees that monitor treaty compliance) and other UN human rights organs. It also undertakes human rights field activities. 90005 90004 Most of the core human rights treaties have an oversight body which is responsible for reviewing the implementation of that treaty by the countries that have ratified it. Individuals, whose rights have been violated can file complaints directly to Committees overseeing human rights treaties.90005 90002 Human Rights and the UN System 90003 90004 Human rights is a cross-cutting theme in all UN policies and programmes in the key areas of peace and security, development, humanitarian assistance, and economic and social affairs. As a result, virtually every UN body and specialized agency is involved to some degree in the protection of human rights. Some examples are the right to development, which is at the core of the Sustainable Development Goals; the right to food, championed by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, labour rights, defined and protected by the International Labour Organization, gender equality, which is promulgated by UN Women, the rights of children, indigenous peoples, and disabled persons.90005 90004 Human rights day is observed every year on 10 December. 90005 90004 90062 Resources: 90063 90005 90004 90005 90004 90005 .90000 What is a Rights Issues? With Real Examples 90001 90002 Companies can raise money in a few ways. They can borrow from the bank or raise money from existing shareholders through rights issues. They can also issue other debt securities like corporate bonds, warrants etc. 90003 90002 When a company issue rights, the announcement will be something like this, «1 rights share for every 2 ordinary shares at $ 1». This means that every shareholder will be entitled 1 rights share for every 2 shares that they owned.The shareholder can choose to subscribe to the rights and pay $ 1 for each share. At the end of the rights issue, the company will use the proceeds to fund the activity that she has promised to do. 90003 90002 As one of my stocks (Blumont) was involved in a Rights Issue recently, I find it easier to explain the procedure using this example. 90003 90008 (Day 0) 22 Apr 13 — Rights Issue approved during Annual General Meeting (AGM) 90009 90002 The board of directors have to seek approval for the rights issue from the shareholders during the AGM.This is an opportunity for shareholders to ask the reasons for issuing rights and question if there are better funding options. Most importantly, figure out the management’s intent to issue rights. The rights issue was approved during Blumont’s AGM on 22 Apr 13. 90003 90008 (Day 98) 29 Jul 13 — Announcement of Rights Issue 90009 90002 Blumont announced and released the rights issue details. The company set the limit of 861,002,293 additional shares to be converted from the rights. Each rights share will cost $ 0.05 and each shareholder is entitled to 1 rights share for every two ordinary shares. 90003 90002 The company also added that this is a non-underwritten and renounceable rights issue. 90003 90002 Non-underwritten means that the company has not engaged an investment bank to structure this deal which most companies would do so. 90003 90008 Renounceable and non-renounceable rights 90009 90002 Renounceable rights will be listed on the SGX and shareholders can sell the rights to other investors.These rights will have a separate counter name. In Blumont’s case, they have Blumont R and Blumont R500 (in lots of 500 rights). Non-renounceable rights are not listed on the exchange and hence, these rights can not be traded. The rights will be converted to ordinary shares and deposited in the CDP account after a certain date if the shareholder subscribes to the issue. Thereafter, the shareholder can choose to sell the additional shares. 90003 90008 (Day 119) 20 Aug 13 — SGX approval-in-principle for the listing of rights 90009 90002 Blumont have successfully sought approval from SGX to list the renounceable rights.90003 90008 (Day 136) 6 Sep 13 — Announcing Book Closure Date 90009 90002 Blumont announced 23 Sep 13, 5pm, as the deadline for accounting the list of share holders for the rights issue. 90003 90008 (Day 149) 19 Sep 13 — Ex-Rights 90009 90002 Blumont went Ex-Rights on 19 Sep 13. New buyers of Blumont shares after this date will not be entitled any rights. Shareholders can sell Blumont shares after 19 Sep 13 and still receive the rights in their account. 90003 90008 (Day 155) 25 Sep 13 — Offer Information Sheet (OIS) 90009 90002 OIS will provide details on the trading of the rights shares.Shareholders should pay attention to the important dates like the trading period of the rights. 90003 90008 (Day 156) 26 Sep 13 — Listing of Rights and trading commences 90009 90002 Blumont R and Blumont R500 began trading on 26 Sep 13. These are known as ‘nil-paid’ rights because shareholders have yet to pay for them. Rights holders can sell these rights to other investors. 90003 90002 Usually the share price would drop after a rights issue because there are going to be more shares created.Blumont share price should be about $ 1.67 after the dilution of shares but it continued to go up to $ 2.43 on 27 Sep 13. Blumont rights also caught up with the price and listed at a price of $ 2.10. Considering the rights share only cost $ 0.05, 90045 4,100% gain for the rights holders 90046! This is an unusual scenario and investors should not take every rights issue as positive news. There must be something valuable about Blumont that shareholders are buying up the shares and the rights. 90003 90008 (Day 164) 4 Oct 13 — Trading of Rights ceases 90009 90002 Blumont R and Blumont R500 cease trading and rights holders are finalised.90003 90008 (Day 170) 10 Oct 13 — Payment of rights shares 90009 90002 Rights holders to subscribe and pay for the rights shares. 90003 90008 (Day 182) 22 Oct 13 — Crediting and trading of rights shares commences 90009 90002 The rights are converted to shares and credited to the rights holders. The additional shares are traded over the exchange. 90003.90000 release — Getting software version numbers right. v1.0.0.1 90001 Stack Overflow 90002 90003 Products 90004 90003 Customers 90004 90003 Use cases 90004 90009 90010 90003 Stack Overflow Public questions and answers 90004 90003 Teams Private questions and answers for your team 90004 90003 Enterprise Private self-hosted questions and answers for your enterprise 90004 90003 Jobs Programming and related technical career opportunities 90004 90003 Talent Hire technical talent 90004 90003 Advertising Reach developers worldwide 90004 90009 .90000 Universal Declaration of Human Rights 90001 90002 90003 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 90004 90005 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document in the history of human rights. Drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10 December тисячі дев’ятсот сорок вісім (General Assembly resolution 217 A) as a common standard of achievements for all peoples and all nations.It sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally protected and it has been translated into over 500 languages. 90006 90005 Download PDF 90006 90005 90006 90003 Preamble 90004 90005 Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, 90006 90005 Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, 90006 90005 Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, 90006 90005 Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, 90006 90005 Whereas the peoples of the United Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person and in the equal rights of men and women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom, 90006 90005 Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, 90006 90005 Whereas a common understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the full realization of this pledge, 90006 90005 Now, Therefore THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY proclaims THIS UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to the end that every individual and every organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind, shall strive by teaching and education to promote respect for these rights and freedoms and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance, both among the peoples of Member States themselves and among the peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.90006 90029 Article 1. 90030 90031 90005 All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. 90006 90029 Article 2. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status .Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. 90006 90029 Article 3. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. 90006 90029 Article 4. 90030 90031 90005 No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms.90006 90029 Article 5. 90030 90031 90005 No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. 90006 90029 Article 6. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. 90006 90029 Article 7. 90030 90031 90005 All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination.90006 90029 Article 8. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by law. 90006 90029 Article 9. 90030 90031 90005 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. 90006 90029 Article 10. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him.90006 90029 Article 11. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed innocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trial at which he has had all the guarantees necessary for his defence. 90030 (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was committed. Nor shall a heavier penalty be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed.90006 90029 Article 12. 90030 90031 90005 No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the protection of the law against such interference or attacks. 90006 90029 Article 13. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state. 90030 (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.90006 90029 Article 14. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution. 90030 (2) This right may not be invoked in the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 90006 90029 Article 15. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. 90030 (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.90006 90029 Article 16. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Men and women of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution. 90030 (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses. 90030 (3) The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State.90006 90029 Article 17. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as in association with others. 90030 (2) No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property. 90006 90029 Article 18. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.90006 90029 Article 19. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontiers. 90006 90029 Article 20. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and association. 90030 (2) No one may be compelled to belong to an association. 90006 90029 Article 21. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives.90030 (2) Everyone has the right of equal access to public service in his country. 90030 (3) The will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures. 90006 90029 Article 22. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization, through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality.90006 90029 Article 23. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favourable conditions of work and to protection against unemployment. 90030 (2) Everyone, without any discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work. 90030 (3) Everyone who works has the right to just and favourable remuneration ensuring for himself and his family an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other means of social protection.90030 (4) Everyone has the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests. 90006 90029 Article 24. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone has the right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and periodic holidays with pay. 90006 90029 Article 25. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.90030 (2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. 90006 90029 Article 26. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory. Technical and professional education shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally accessible to all on the basis of merit.90030 (2) Education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. 90030 (3) Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. 90006 90029 Article 27. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy the arts and to share in scientific advancement and its benefits.90030 (2) Everyone has the right to the protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or artistic production of which he is the author. 90006 90029 Article 28. 90030 90031 90005 Everyone is entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized. 90006 90029 Article 29. 90030 90031 90005 (1) Everyone has duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his personality is possible.90030 (2) In the exercise of his rights and freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined by law solely for the purpose of securing due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society. 90030 (3) These rights and freedoms may in no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 90006 90029 Article 30. 90030 90031 90005 Nothing in this Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any right to engage in any activity or to perform any act aimed at the destruction of any of the rights and freedoms set forth herein.90006 .